Measurements of water vapour in the mesosphere with the spectral absorption line imager (SALI)

Water vapour concentration is one of the most important, yet one of the least known quantities of the mesosphere. Knowledge of water vapour concentration is the key to understanding many mesospheric processes, including the one that is primary focus of our investigation, Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMC). The processes of formation and occurrence parameters of PMC constitute an interesting problem in their own right, but recent evidence had been provided which suggests that PMC are a critical indicator of climate change. In this context the feasibility of a low cost method of water vapour measurements using an instrument carried aloft by a sounding rocket has been examined and some of the results discussed. It is proposed to measure the strength of the 936nm water absorption line in a solar occultation configuration employing a CCD detector. This leads to the design of a small, low cost and low-mass instrument, which can be flown on a small rocket, of the type of the Orbital Sciences Corporation Viper 5. Alternatively the instrument can be flown as a “passenger” on larger rocket carrying other experiments. In either case flight costs are relatively low. Some performance simulations are presented showing that the instrument we have designed will be sufficiently sensitive to measure water vapor in concentrations that are expected at the summer mesopause, about 85 km height. Sufficient payload design work was carried out showing that the structural, thermal and electrical requirements for a flight on the Viper 5 rocket can be met and thus making the experiment feasible for a flight.     

煤基高能煤油点火及燃烧性能研究

为研究煤基高能煤油的点火及燃烧性能,开展了气氧煤油姿控发动机热试车,研究了煤基高能煤油发动机真空比冲性能、脉冲工作性能和响应特性.结果显示:煤基高能煤油发动机点火可靠、燃烧稳定,脉冲工作性能和启动/关机响应特性均满足工程应用要求,真空比冲性能相比火箭煤油基础油发动机提高了约7s.     

同心嵌套式霍尔推力器参数设计方法研究

结合未来国内外对大功率场霍尔推力器的需求,论述同心嵌套通道式霍尔推力器研究现状,技术优势。针对嵌套通道式霍尔推力器参数设计方法的空白,介绍了一种可行的嵌套通道式霍尔推力器的结构和磁路;提出了一种以阳极功率和比冲为输入,确定嵌套通道式霍尔推力器通道数目、各通道结构参数和工作参数的方法;结合磁路设计和热设计,给出了优化嵌套通道式霍尔推力器的参数的路径;填补嵌套通道式霍尔推力器参数设计和优化的空白,为其工程应用提供参考。     

自锁阀激光焊接工艺研究

研究了自锁阀激光焊接焦点位置与焊缝熔深之间的关系、焊接速度和激光功率与焊缝熔深之间的关系,分析了随着激光功率增加,不同焦点位置的焊接过程依次经历稳定热导焊,热导焊、深熔焊交替进行的不稳定焊接和稳定深熔焊接三种模式,进而研究了稳定焊接模式下工艺参数与焊缝熔深之间的关系,得出了自锁阀在稳定焊接模式下的最佳焊接工艺规范参数.采用该激光焊接工艺规范焊接的常压和高压自锁阀焊缝外观质量、气密、液压以及焊缝氦质谱检漏试验结果全部满足设计要求.常压和高压自锁阀已经应用于嫦娥五号、探月工程、东风导弹武器系统、货运飞船、921-3推进分系统、东方红三号等推进系统的液体火箭发动机之中.     

Characterization of Lithium-Polymer batteries for CubeSat applications

With the development of several key technologies, nanosatellites are emerging as important vehicles for carrying out technology demonstrations and space science research. Nanosatellites are attractive for several reasons, the most important being that they do not involve the prohibitive costs of a conventional satellite launch. One key enabling technology is in the area of battery technology. In this paper, we focus on the characterization of battery technologies suitable for nanosatellites.Several battery chemistries are examined in order to find a type suitable for typical nanosatellite missions. As a baseline mission, we examine York University's 1U CubeSat mission for its power budget and power requirements. Several types of commercially available batteries are examined for their applicability to CubeSat missions. We also describe the procedures and results from a series of environmental tests for a set of Lithium Polymer batteries from two manufacturers.     

Non-cultural methods of human microflora evaluation for the benefit of crew medical control in confined habitat

Current control of human microflora is a great problem not only for the space medicine but also for practical health care. Due to many reasons its realization by classical bacteriological method is difficult in practical application or cannot be done.To evaluate non-cultural methods of microbial control of crews in a confined habitat we evaluated two different methods.The first method is based on digital treatment of microbial visual images, appearing after gram staining of microbial material from natural sample. This way the rate between gram-positive and gram-negative microbe could be gained as well as differentiation of rods and cocci could be attained, which is necessary for primary evaluation of human microbial cenosis in remote confined habitats.The other non-culture method of human microflora evaluation is gas chromatomass spectrometry (gcms) analysis of swabs gathered from different body sites. Gc-ms testing of swabs allows one to validate quantitative and special microflora based on specific lipid markers analysis.     

一种姿控动力装置热防护研究

酚醛树脂作为一种烧蚀材料,凭借其耐高温的特性应用于航天器防热系统,其防热性能在工程实际中需进行考核。以某航天器一段包覆80纤维布/酚醛树脂的液路管路作为研究对象,以定热流为边界条件,采用仿真计算和热流试验的研究方法对空导管以及注水导管的温度场进行研究:仿真计算得出导管表面平衡温度分布以及导管表面具有代表性某点瞬态温度变化;为验证仿真计算的准确性,进行了热流试验,得出了导管表面以及水中温度测点的瞬态温度变化;根据热流试验的温度结果,分析比对了热流试验对仿真计算的验证情况。研究结果表明:80纤维布/酚醛树脂的防热性能符合温度指标要求;仿真结果和热流试验结果一致度良好,证明了仿真计算的合理性和准确性。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti脉冲激光焊接工艺研究

介绍了采用YAG脉冲激光器焊接不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的工艺过程,通过调整离焦量、焊点重叠率、峰值功率和脉冲宽度进行试件焊接,并对焊缝熔深进行检测。试验结果表明:离焦量对焊缝熔深影响较大,负离焦量时可以获得较大的焊缝熔深;峰值功率对焊缝熔深影响最大,但峰值功率过大易出现焊接飞溅;焊点重叠率与焊缝熔深有效性密切相关,对产品密封性能影响大;脉冲宽度对焊缝熔深影响较小,对焊缝表面成形状态影响较大。针对推进系统中阀门壳体激光焊缝熔深要求,优化了工艺参数。采用上述工艺规范焊接的阀门产品已经过飞行考核。     

空间电推进技术应用现状与发展趋势

电推进技术是近年来空间推进领域发展和应用最为活跃的专业技术。文章阐述了电推进在航天器上应用的优势与问题,电推进应用于航天器可带来节省推进剂、提高姿控精度、扩展深空探测距离等优势,同时需要关注带来的表面电位变化、荷能粒子影响、电磁干扰等问题。目前,电推进已经广泛应用于GEO及低轨卫星、深空探测器等航天器上,并且电推进正逐步向更大功率、超高比冲、更多模式、更低成本等方向发展。建议我国加大需求牵引,夯实基础理论,尽快开展多种电推进空间飞行,并不断培育新型电推进技术,占领未来电推进技术制高点。     

浮动断接器热控设计与仿真

浮动断接器作为在轨补加接头,是两航天器液路和气路的连通和断开的接口部件,可以实现两航天器之间的燃料、氧化剂的传输。浮动断接器一般安装在航天器的头部或尾部,外热流条件严酷,为保证其合适的工作温度,有效的热控制措施非常关键。以推进剂补加用浮动断接器作为研究对象,建立了浮动断接器物理模型,分析了其外部极端热环境,采用传热学的辐射以及热传导理论,形成热控设计方案。根据边界温度以及宇宙空间的外热流极端条件,应用IDEAS/TMG热分析软件进行了不同工况下的热分析仿真计算,在此基础上对热控方案进行了优化设计。分析结果表明:采用主动热控和被动热控相结合的热控措施可以满足浮动断接器正常工作的温度指标要求,热控设计合理可行。